Vol. 1 (2025)
Artículos Originales

Genetic structure and responses of flax (Linum usitatissimum L)germplasm to phytotoxic aluminum (Al3+) in acid soils of southernChile

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  • Edith Severo Cid,
  • Branko Contreras-Beltrán,
  • Braulio Soto-Cerda
Edith Severo Cid
Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco
Biografía
Branko Contreras-Beltrán
Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco
Biografía
Braulio Soto-Cerda
Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco
Biografía

Publicado 2025-12-24

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7770/jonraf-v1-art15

Palabras clave

  • Flax,
  • Population structure,
  • Aluminum toxicity,
  • Acid soil,
  • Root traits,
  • Aluminum tolerance
    • ...Más
    Menos

Derechos de autor 2025 Edith Severo Cid, Branko Contreras-Beltrán, Braulio Soto-Cerda (Autor/a)

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

Resumen

Flax (Linum usitatissimun L) is a versatile crop valued for its oil and functional compounds However, the presence ofphytotoxic aluminum (Al3+) in acid soil, limits its productivity, specifically in southern Chile where acid soils of the Andisoltype abound. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic structure of 40 flax accessions using 2,200 singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using STRUCTURE and Neighbor Joining (NJ) algorithms, and to analyze theirshoot and root phenotypic responses to aluminum toxicity in an acid soil to identify tolerant genotypes that could be usedin flax breeding. STRUCTURE and NJ methods grouped the 40 genotypes into three groups. Significant treatment andgenotypic effects were observed for total root length (TRL), root area (RA), apical root length (ARL) and root volume (RV)(p < 0.05). STRUCTURE groups 1 and 2 (G1 and G2) outperformed group 3 (G3) for RA (control and Al3+), ARL (Al3+), TRL(control), RV (control and Al3+), and relative root area. Fisher exact test for root traits under control and Al conditions enabledthe identification of genotypes differentially responding to stress and non-stress treatments. Pearson correlation analysisindicated that root traits either under Al3+ stress or limed soil conditions exhibited moderate to high associations amongthem (r= 032 – 096), suggesting shared root development regulation. Hierarchical and multivariate analyses of root traits andtheir relative growth indices identified the Al3+ tolerant genotypes G188 (fiber type), G87 (fiber type), and G401 (oil type),which showed superior relative total root length (RTRL), relative apical root length (RARL), and relative root area (RRA). Thepresent study revealed unexplored genetic variation in response to Al3+ stress and provide potential parental lines to improveflax adaptation to acidic soil conditions as those prevailing in southern Chile.

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